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Very low density lipoprotein, or VLDL, cholesterol plays a key role in the development of plaque in the arteries (known as atherosclerosis) that can lead to cardiovascular disease. VLDL is also associated with insulin resistance and disorders of the liver. (source)
Generally, low VLDL cholesterol levels are considered to be a sign of good health.
Low VLDL cholesterol levels usually do not require any specific treatment unless it is associated with a specific illness. There is no suggested nutritional, lifestyle, or supplement-based intervention.
High VLDL cholesterol may result from physiological factors involving the liver, as increased production may occur in response to elevated triglycerides in the blood. Dietary factors include excess consumption of saturated fats, as high-fat meals have been associated with increased VLDL secretion. (source, source)
Prioritize fatty fish: Fish oil has been shown to inhibit VLDL cholesterol formation. (source) Fish oil aids in the reduction of the rate at which VLDL is produced in the liver. (source) Recommendation: Eat at least two servings of fatty fish a week.
One serving examples: Salmon (3 oz), Herring (3 oz), Bluefin Tuna (3 oz), Anchovies (3 oz), Mackerel (3 oz)
Avoid smoking: Smokers have been shown to have higher VLDL cholesterol levels. (source) The nicotine found in cigarettes causes an increase in the release of free fatty acids due to increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system. This increase in free fatty acids stimulates production of VLDL in the liver. (source) Recommendation: If a smoker, take the steps to quit. If not, avoid areas where secondhand smoke is present.
Supplement with fish oil: Fish oil has been shown to inhibit VLDL cholesterol formation. (source) Fish oil decreases the rate at which VLDL is produced in the liver. (source) Recommendation: Supplement with at least 3 grams of fish oil daily.
